Chapter 1: Defining Paradise

What does paradise signify for us? Is it a utopia, a serene garden, or perhaps a state of tranquility? Could it represent the cessation of conflict, a quest for justice, or simply a fleeting moment of peace? The aspiration for paradise has likely been an intrinsic part of the human experience since our inception, particularly since we developed art and language, allowing us to contemplate abstract concepts and envision our future and past.

To explore the ancient expressions of art, one must navigate through constricted passages in paleolithic caves, leaving behind the brightness of day. These caves, such as the renowned one in Lascaux, France, were not mere shelters; they contained evidence of oil lamps, scaffolding, and intricate paintings. Were these caves not only venues for artistic expression but also sanctuaries that transported individuals beyond the limits of time and into eternity? They might symbolize not just the urge to create but also the pursuit of paradise.

One of my cherished biblical texts is Genesis, which opens with creation and swiftly leads us to the Garden of Eden. Gardens have often served as metaphors for paradise, encapsulating our desires for beauty and harmony. Pico Iyer, in his book The Half-Known Life: In Search of Paradise, recounts his travels from Iran to North Korea, Kashmir, and beyond, ultimately realizing that the most profound journey is the one within. This book was recently recognized as one of the year’s 100 notable works by The New York Times.

Modern-day Iran, once known as Persia, played a pivotal role in the Fertile Crescent, where agriculture and complex societies first emerged, marking humanity's exit from Eden. The term "paradise" is derived from the old Iranian word 'paradaijah,' and the Farsi term for garden conveys the essence of paradise. Iran is rich in poetry, traditional architecture, and gardens that elevate our gaze towards divinity, embodying a profound respect for the unseen aspects of life.

However, Iyer depicts a country where the government surveils its citizens, aiming to uncover their hidden thoughts and actions, while the populace seeks to unveil governmental secrets. A recurring architectural motif includes tiny mirrors, suggesting endless reflections and creations, yet they also serve as a reminder for the citizens to remain vigilant.

This duality may exist in all nations. Iyer characterizes North Korea as the "People's Paradise," where the populace appears secondary, and perfection is achieved through the eradication of flaws. In contrast, the United States, often touted as the "land of the free," faces a potential 2024 presidential candidate who threatens to dismantle democracy and rule with an iron fist.

We must exercise caution in our longing for paradise. As a metaphor or a moment of tranquility, it can be immensely beneficial, promoting our mental and emotional well-being. However, when viewed as a final destination or solution, this yearning can cloud our judgment and lead to dire consequences. The desire to attain heaven by obliterating hell or to achieve goodness by eliminating those deemed "evil" can result in tragic outcomes. For instance, some Hamas militants who attacked Israel on October 7th were driven by political motives to ignite conflict in pursuit of statehood for Palestinians. Reports suggest they were administered synthetic amphetamines to suppress their empathy and moral constraints, facilitating their acts of violence against innocent civilians in their quest for an afterlife in paradise.

The recent invasion has reignited painful memories for many Israelis, reminding them of over two millennia of persecution, and some deeply religious Jews anticipated that such violence heralded the arrival of the Messiah, who would usher in a perfect world.

This interpretation of Genesis suggests that the expulsion from the Garden may not solely stem from disobedience but also from the binary division of existence into good and evil, heaven and hell. Yet, change is the only constant. How can we expect a definitive resolution, except perhaps in death or total annihilation? Imposing rigid concepts onto reality can lead to a life of conflict within ourselves and with others. While ideas can guide us toward positive actions, rigid expectations can result in disappointment and, at worst, violence and delusion.

Two Zen anecdotes illuminate different facets of paradise. The first highlights our interconnectedness with others and the world, while the second encourages us to cultivate a deep awareness of the silence within our breaths and feelings.

In the first tale, a Zen master, during a profound meditation, journeyed to the afterlife. In hell, he discovered souls seated around tables laden with delectable dishes, but their long chopsticks made self-feeding impossible, leaving them perpetually hungry and discontent. Conversely, in heaven, he observed the same scenario, yet here, individuals used their chopsticks to feed one another, radiating joy and contentment.

The second story features a samurai visiting the renowned Zen master Hakuin in the 17th-18th century. When asked about paradise and hell, Hakuin replied, "Who are you?" The samurai proclaimed his identity, to which Hakuin remarked, "You, a samurai! You appear more like a beggar, unworthy of wielding a sword." Angered, the samurai unsheathed his weapon. "That is hell," Hakuin stated. Realizing the truth in Hakuin's words, the samurai sheathed his sword. "That is heaven."

The first video titled "SPONTANEOUS SURPRISE VACATION to PARADISE!" showcases an unexpected adventure that captures the essence of discovering paradise in unique ways.

The second video, "Not The Mile High Club (George Clooney, Julia Roberts) | Ticket to Paradise," explores the nuances of relationships and the quest for our personal paradises.

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This piece was previously published on The Good Men Project.

About Ira Rabois

While teaching for 27 years at the Lehman Alternative School in Ithaca, NY, Ira Rabois crafted an innovative curriculum encompassing English, Philosophy, History, Drama, Martial Arts, and Psychology, while developing a method of mindful inquiry. He maintains a blog focused on education and mindfulness and is the author of Compassionate Critical Thinking: How Mindfulness, Creativity, Empathy, and Socratic Questioning Can Transform Teaching.